If behavior is under ________ control rather than _________control, then animals will ________ pressing a contingent lever following outcome devaluation.

Answer
goal-directed, habitual, decrease
Explanation
When an animal's behavior is habitual, devaluation of the outcome does not typically occur. However, when the behavior is goal-directed, devaluation is a common occurrence. This is because goal-directed behavior is usually influenced by the expectation of a reward, while habitual behavior is automatic and less sensitive to changes in the value of the goal.
For example, if an animal is trained to press a lever to receive a reward, and the rate of reward is proportional to the performance rate, the behavior is likely to be goal-directed. If the value of the reward is decreased, the animal will likely decrease the pressing of the lever, as the goal-directed behavior is sensitive to changes in the value of the reward. However, if the behavior has become habitual, the animal may continue to press the lever despite the decreased value of the reward, as the behavior has become automatic and less sensitive to changes in the value of the goal.